结膜吸吮线虫中间宿主冈田氏绕眼果蝇的诱捕和鉴定

为大量采集和鉴定冈田氏绕眼果蝇,特将水果（苹果,梨等）切碎经发酵后,打成包并悬挂于树干,吸引果蝇进行诱捕或者置入蚊帐内诱捕,自1989-2000年9月经过数次现场实验,均可大量捕获冈田氏绕归果蝇,依据该种果蝇的形态结构和行为特征进行种的鉴定,尤其是雄外生殖器的特征和冈田氏绕眼果蝇腹部第3-5节的背面各有一似“山”形黑褐色斑纹及足的胫节上,有3个黑褐色环以及雄性生殖器的形态等可作为该种果蝇的外形特征。     

海洋抗肿瘤活性大环内酯类化合物化学成分研究近况

最近,人们已从多种海洋生物中发现许多具有应用价值的生理活性物质。其中,抗肿瘤活性物质的开发研究尤为盛行。目前,人们已经分离得到许多在体内试验中具有明显抗肿瘤活性的化合物,并且确立了它们的化学结构,其中包括类萜类化合物、生物碱,肽类化合物、大环内酯类化合物、类前列腺素化合物、聚醚类化合物等。其中,已有数种大环内酯类化合物很有可能作为抗癌药物进入临床。bryostatin 1则是它们的代表性化合物之一。目前,美国National Cancer Instituie已经开始对该化合物进行临床研究。它是由作者(釜野)研究小组在美国亚利桑拿州立大学癌研究所开发研究出的一种新型化合物,经过进一步研究又分离得到了bryostatin 2(24)～13(35),并确立了它们的化学结构。因此,本文将对bryostatin类化合物的化学性质以及其生理活性作详细地综述。另外,还将论述halichondrin类化合物(14～21)和Aplyronine(22)。它们是最近几年在日本发现的,在体内试验中具有很强的抗肿瘤活性的一系列新型化合物。再者,本文还将概述其它一些重要的、具有抗肿瘤活性的大环内酯类化合物,即aplysiatoxin(Ia～Ic), latrunculinA(2), acutiphycin(3),tedanolide(4), swinholide A(5), bistheonellde A(7a), amphicinolides(8～10), kabiramides(11a 11e), ulapualide(12a, 12b)以及patellazole B(13)。     

Distribution of rare earth elements in seaweed: implication of two different sources of rare earth elements and silicon in seaweed

Rare earth elements (REEs) and Si in five species of seaweed, ambient surface seawaters, and suspended solid particles in the seawaters were determined separately. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for REEs and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) was used for Si in order to evaluate REEs as a tracer in seaweeds and to understand the source of inorganic elements, especially Si, in seaweeds. Two different REE patterns, one similar to that of the seawater solution and another resembling that of suspended particles, were observed in seaweeds, and the variation of REE patterns seems to show a clear dependence on the abundance of Si. The REE pattern and Si concentration seem to vary depending on the division: green and red algae showed REE patterns similar to that of suspended particles, but brown algae showed patterns closer to that of seawater solutions and relatively lower Si concentration. The possibility of contamination from silicate particles on the surface of seaweeds was ruled out for several reasons. Silicate particles, not dissolved silicate, have been identified as the direct source of REEs and Si in plants ( Fu et al. 1998 ), and seaweeds are no exception. We have to consider that seaweeds can take up Si from suspended particles through their blade or branches. From the appearance of tetrad-effect-like variation of REEs, Si is assumed to enter a dissolved state just before the particles are taken up. From the results of a sonication experiment, REEs, once taken up as silicate particles, seem to be separated from Si in the thallus.